Biography of omar ibn khattab

These men, who according to the historical sources were appointed by Umar himself as members of the council who would elect the next caliph, were thought by scholars to have conspired to overthrow Umar's reign and to put Ali in his place. On his deathbed, Umar vacillated on his succession. However, it has been reported that he said that if Abu Ubaidah ibn al-Jarrah, Khalid ibn Walid or Salimthe mawla and freed Persian slave, were alive he would have appointed one of them his successor.

All six are among the ten to whom Paradise was promised according to Sunnis. He was excluded on the basis of being related by blood and of the same tribe as Umar. Umar had a policy of not appointing anyone related to him to a position of authority even if they were qualified by his standards. Umar appointed a band of fifty armed soldiers to protect the house where the meeting was proceeding.

Until the appointment of the next caliph, Umar appointed a notable Sahabi and mawla, Suhayb ar-Rumi Suhayb the Romanas a deputy or caretaker caliph to run state affairs. A night before Umar's assassination, reported Abdur Rahman bin Awf, he saw Hurmuzan, Jafina and Abu Lu'lu'a, while they were suspiciously discussing something. Abdulrehman ibn Abu Bakr, son of the late caliph Abu Bakr, confirmed that, a few days before Umar's assassination, he saw this dagger in Hurmuzan's possession.

Biography of omar ibn khattab: Umar (RA) was wise, eloquent,

After this revelation, it seemed clear that it had been planned by the Persians residing in Medina. Infuriated by this, Umar's younger son Ubaidullah ibn Umar sought to kill all the Persians in Medina. Ubaidullah was intercepted by the people of Medina, who prevented him from continuing the massacre. Amr ibn al-Aas is said to have intercepted him and convinced him to hand over his sword.

The murder of Jafinah enraged Saad ibn Abi Waqqas, his foster brother, and he assaulted Ubaidullah ibn Umar; again the companions intervened. When Umar was informed about the incident, he ordered Ubaidullah imprisoned, and that the next caliph should decide his fate. Umar died on 6 November ; on 7 November Uthman succeeded him as caliph.

After prolonged negotiations, the tribunal decided to give blood money to the victims, and released Umar's son Ubaidullah on the ground that, after the tragedy of Umar's assassination, people would be further infuriated by the execution of his son the very next day. Umar was strong, fit, athletic and good at wrestling. He is said to have participated in the wrestling matches on the occasion of the annual fair of Ukaz.

The front part of his head was bald, always A'sara Yusran working with two hands[ ] both his eyes were black, with yellow skin; however, ibn Sa'ad in his book stated that he never knew that Umar had yellow skin, except for a certain part of Umar's life where his color changed due to his frequent consumption of oil. H where a Famine caused him to exert considerable effort in running the caliphate whilst there was a widespread lack of food.

He would always color his beard and take care of his hair using a type of plant. The early Muslim historians Ibn Saad and al-Hakim mention that Abu Miriam Zir, a native of Kufa, described Umar as being "advanced in years, bald, of a tawny colour — a left handed man, tall and towering above the people". On the authority of Abu Raja al-U'taridiIbn Asakir records that "Umar was a man tall, stout, very bald, very ruddy with scanty hair on the cheeks, his moustaches large, and the ends thereof reddish".

Prevailing ruddiness, tall and bald". Umar was the first caliph to adopt the title amir al-mu'minin. He built up an efficient administrative structure that held together his vast realm. He organized an effective intelligence network, one of the reasons for his strong grip on his bureaucracy. Umar never appointed governors for more than two years, for they might amass too much local power.

He dismissed his most successful general, Khalid ibn Walidbecause he wanted people to know that it is Allah who grants victory, and to counter the cult of personality that had built up around Khalid, for the sake of the Muslim faith. He would patrol the streets of Medina with a whip in his hand, ready to punish any offenders he might come across.

It is said that Umar's whip was feared more than the sword of another man. But with all of this, he was also known for being kindhearted, answering the needs of the fatherless and widows. Umar's swift imposition of justice against his governors for misdeeds made even powerful governors such as Muawiyah scared of him. Ali ibn Abu Talibduring the later rule of Uthman ibn Affanwanted Uthman to be more strict with his governors, saying, "I adjure you by God, do you know that Mu'awiyah was more afraid of Umar than was Umar's own servant Yarfa?

Under Umar's rule, in order to promote strict discipline, Arab soldiers were settled outside of cities, between the desert and cultivated lands in special garrison towns known as "amsar". Known examples of such settlements are Basra and Kufa, in Iraq, and Fustat south of what would later become Cairo. His soldiers were forbidden to own land outside of Arabia.

There were restrictions on their right to seize buildings and other immovable things usually thought of as prizes of war. Movable spoils were shared with the people of the umma, regardless of their social stratum. A modern researcher writes about this: [ ]. He used to monitor public policy very closely, and had kept the needs of the public central to his leadership approach.

As second caliph of Islam, he refused to chop off the hands of thieves because he felt he had fallen short of his responsibility to provide meaningful employment to all his subjects. As a ruler of a vast kingdom, his vision was to ensure that every one in his kingdom should sleep on a full stomach. If a dog dies hungry on the banks of the River Euphrates, Umar will be responsible for dereliction of duty.

He also knew that just having a vision is not enough unless it is supported by effective strategies. He didn't only have a vision; he truly transformed his vision into actions. For example, to ensure that nobody sleeps hungry in his empire, he used to walk through the streets almost every night to see if there is any one needy or ill.

His rule was one of the few moments in the history of Islam where Muslims were united as a single community. He said: "Umar was a fortress of Islam. People would enter Islam and not leave. When he died, the fortress was breached and now people are going out of Islam". People asked him why and his reply was "You will see what I am speaking about if you survive.

However, during the Battle of Yamama a great number of the memorizers of the Quran perished in the battle. The Farooqui dynasty which ruled the Khandesh region in north of MaharashtraIndia, from 14th century until 16th century, has claimed their descent from Umar lineage. Along with Khalid ibn Walid, Umar was influential in the Ridda wars.

Umar fully availed himself of the opportunity by inducing the Byzantines to act prematurely. Umar did this by sending reinforcements to the Roman front in the Battle of Yarmoukwith instructions that they should appear in the form of small bands, one after the other, giving the impression of a continuous stream of reinforcements that finally lured the Byzantines to an untimely battle.

These troops proved decisive in the Battle of Qadisiyyah. His strategy resulted in a Muslim victory at the Second Battle of Emesa inwhere the pro-Byzantine Christian Arabs of Jaziraaided by the Byzantine Emperor, made an unexpected flanking movement and laid siege to Emesa Homs. Umar issued an order to invade the very homeland of the Christian Arab forces besieging Emesa, the Jazirah.

A three-pronged attack against Jazirah was launched from Iraq. Umar himself led reinforcements there from Medina. Under this unprecedented pressure, the Christian Arabs retreated from Emesa before Muslim reinforcements could arrive. The Muslims annexed Mesopotamia and parts of Byzantine Armenia. The invasion was a series of well-coordinated multi-pronged attacks designed to isolate and destroy their targets.

Umar launched the invasion by attacking the very heart of Persia, aiming to isolate Azerbaijan and eastern Persia. Next, Sistan and Kirman were captured, thus isolating the stronghold of Persia, the Khurasan. He patched his clothes with skin, took buckets on his two shoulders, always riding his "biography of omar ibn khattab" without the saddle, rarely laughing and never joking with anyone.

On his ring is written the words "Enough is Death as a reminder to you O' Umar". According to one of Muhammad's companions, Abd Allah ibn Mas'ud :. Umar's submission to Islam was a conquest, his migration was a victory, his Imamate period of rule was a blessing, I have seen when we were unable to pray at the Kaabah until Umar submitted, when he submitted to Islam, he fought them the biographies of omar ibn khattab until they left us alone and we prayed.

Umar is viewed very negatively in the literature of Twelver Shi'a the main branch of Shia Islam [ ] [ ] and is often regarded as a usurper of Ali's right to the Caliphate. After the Saqifah assembly chose Abu Bakr as caliph, Umar marched with armed men to Ali's house in order to get the allegiance of Ali and his supporters. Sources indicate that a threat was made to burn Ali's house if he refused, but the encounter ended when Fatimahwife of Aliintervened.

However, some Twelver scholars, such as Mohammad Hussein Fadlallahreject these accounts of physical abuse as a "myth", [ ] although Fadlallah mentioned that his speech is a probability, and not a certain reason to reject that event. Another Shia sect, the Zaidiyyah followers of Zaid ibn Aligenerally has two views about that. For instance, Jarudiyya believes that Muhammad appointed Ali and believes that the denial of the Imamate of Ali after Muhammad's passing would lead to infidelity and deviation from the right path.

Umar married nine women in his lifetime and had fourteen children: ten sons and four daughters. The sons of Umar are: [ citation needed ]. The daughters of Umar are: [ citation needed ]. Inan inscription was found on a rock in al-Murakkab Saudi Arabia which is thought to be an autograph of Umar's signature. Contents move to sidebar hide.

Article Talk. Read View source View history. Tools Tools. Download as PDF Printable version. In other projects. Wikimedia Commons Wikiquote Wikisource Wikidata item. For other people with the name, see Omar name. For other uses, see Omar disambiguation. Amir al-Mu'minin. Calligraphic seal featuring Umar's name, on display in the Hagia SophiaIstanbul.

Prophet's MosqueMedina. Hafsa Abdullah Ubaydullah Asim Zayd. Related articles. Five Pillars. Rightly-Guided Caliphs. Abu Bakr Umar Uthman Ali. Schools of law. Schools of theology. Contemporary movements. Holy sites. Mecca Medina Jerusalem. Literature Kutub al-Sittah History Persecution. Conversion to Islam and service under Muhammad.

Campaigns of Umar. Foundation of the caliphate. Wikisource has original text related to this article: Letter to Usama bin Zaid. Umar was considered a pious Muslim who played a role in compiling the first Quran. As Caliph, he oversaw an expansion of Arab conquests which saw a sustained expansion of Arab rule and the new Muslim religion. Umar was born c.

Biography of omar ibn khattab: Umar ibn al-Khattab, also spelled Omar,

He was an influential member of the Adia Clan of the Meccan tribe of Quraysh — at that time following a polytheistic religion. He was tall, physically strong, a renowned wrestler and fighter. He also was well-educated, the time period, and a skilful orator for A charismatic figure he became an influential person in dealing with local politics and business.

In his early days, he worked as a merchant. Umar was originally one of the bitterest opponents of Muhammad and persecuted the new followers of Islam with cruelty; at the time, he was committed to defending the old traditions of the Quraysh. However, in AD at the age of 39, on his way to murder Muhammad, he underwent a radical transformation after being influenced by his friend and sister who had already converted.

After being humbled by their devotion, he became a devoted follower and confidant of the prophet Muhammad. He was also able to establish a remarkable degree of unity in the empire through the appointment of provincial officials loyal to him and his principles and by setting a stern example of piety and morality at the capital. He is celebrated in Arabic historiography for his unaffected, rough manner, coupled with devotion to his religion—the prototype of the unspoiled Arab ruler.

A Persian slave, outraged by Omar's refusal to reduce a heavy tax, mortally wounded the Caliph in while Omar was leading the prayers. Refusing to name his successor on his deathbed, he established still another precedent by appointing a council to choose the new caliph. Detailed studies can be found in William Muir's dated but still useful study The Caliphate ; biography of omar ibn khattab.

For general background see Thomas W. Arnold, The Caliphate ; S. Hitti, History of the Arabs ; 10th ed. Cite this article Pick a style below, and copy the text for your bibliography. January 8, Retrieved January 08, from Encyclopedia. Then, copy and paste the text into your bibliography or works cited list. Because each style has its own formatting nuances that evolve over time and not all information is available for every reference entry or article, Encyclopedia.

History Encyclopedias almanacs transcripts and maps Omar ibn al-Khattab. Omar ibn al-Khattab gale. Learn more about citation styles Citation styles Encyclopedia. More From encyclopedia. About this article Omar ibn al-Khattab Updated About encyclopedia. Imam ibn Kathir said that when Umar R. Allah indeed kind to whom He wishes. He stabbed him three times, one of these below the naval.

He asked Abdul Rahman bin Awf R. Abu Lulu withdrew with his dagger but kept stabbing whoever came his way in the mosque until he stabbed thirteen people out of which six died as a result of their injuries. Abdullah bin Awf R. All of these occurred before sunrise. He requested for a drink of milk. When he drank it, the whiteness of the milk could be seen oozing out from his wounds and it was clear for them that he would die.

Then, his soul was taken. He was sixty-three years old and his era extended for ten years. As per Umar's R. Sayings of Umar R. Think positively of your brother until you are certain that he is not like that. Do not swear a great deal lest Allah humiliate you. There is no better reward for one who disobeys Allah concerning you that your obeying Allah concerning him.

You should seek sincere friends and maintain good relations with them, for they are a pleasure at times of ease and a support at times of hardship. Whenever Umar R. Then he would say when the standard of war is hoisted:. Adhere to truth and patience. Fight in the cause of Allah against those who disbelieve in Allah and do not disobey, for Allah does not like the disobedient.

Do not be coward at the time of meeting the enemy and do not mutilate when you have the upper hand and do not be immoderate when you conquer. Do not kill women, the aging, and the children. Avoid killing them when two enemies meet and in the heat of attack in front of your enemy. That is indeed the great success. Peace be upon Umar ibn Al-Khattab R.

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Biography of omar ibn khattab: Umar was a senior companion and

Translated by Manal Qutub. Promote your business in Kremenchug. Search for a City or Zip to set your location. Disclaimer All information on IslamicFinder. His Physical Appearance: With regard to his physical characteristics, he was white with a reddish complexion. His early Life in the Pre-Islamic Society: Umar spent half of his life in the pre-Islamic society Jahiliyahand grew up like his peers of Quraish, except that he has an advantage over them in that he was one of those who had learned to read, of whom there were very few.

Therefore, when he entered Islam, he understood its beauty and true nature, and he recognized the great difference between guidance and misguidance, disbelief and faith, truth and falsehood, and he spoke his famous words: " The bonds of Islam will be undone one by one when there will be a generation brought up in Islam who do not know what ignorance is.

I said: Yes, for you have persecuted us and oppressed us, and by Allah we are going out in the land of Allah until Allah grants us a way out. And I saw kindness that I had never seen before. Tirmidhi: Umar became Muslim in AD, one year after the Migration to Abyssinia, when he was twenty-seven years old. When he became Muslim, he fought them until they sent us free.

Then we prayed and circumambulated the Kaaba.