Life tenure of federal judges

Judges serving on constitutional courts usually serve a single 7 — year term. Lower court judges are usually appointed for a renewable term of years, and may also subject to a performance review and a mandatory retirement age. A notable exception is the United States federal judiciary: the constitution accords Article III judges life tenure with no mandatory retirement age.

In New Zealandall judges are required to retire at the age of Retired judges under 75, however, can be appointed as acting judges in certain proceedings. February 27, August 31, January 18, August 5, August 9, James William Locke. February 1, John Davis. February 20, Samuel Betts. December 21, April 30, Michael Stephen Kanne. February 9, John Pitman.

August 4, [ a ].

Life tenure of federal judges: Federal judges, including Supreme

November 17, Eugene Davis. September 21, December 9, November 16, Ruth Bader Ginsburg. September 18, Ilana Rovner. September 12, August 17, Frank Easterbrook. Edith Jones. John Paul Stevens. October 14, December 19, December 17, Harold Loyd Murphy. March 31, Stephen Victor Wilson. Henry Travillion Wingate. Alan Bond Johnson. William Ball Gilbert. March 18, April 27, Henry Clay Caldwell.

June 20, March 13, James R. Robert Elliott. February 17, Augustus Noble Hand. September 30, May 19, [ a ]. Karen L. Erskine Mayo Ross. January 13, February 22, Don Albert Pardee. Martin Leach-Cross Feldman. October 5, Hiram Emory Widener Jr. October 28, Charles Ronald Norgle Sr. Rensselaer Nelson. Luther Merritt Swygert. October 11, September 29, Irving Kaufman.

October 21, [ a ]. September 22, Joseph Peter Stadtmueller.

Life tenure of federal judges: Article III states that

Andrew Phelps McCormick. April 10, March 22, March 17, Stephen Reinhardt. September 11, March 29, Edward Roscoe Meek. July 13, [ a ]. Mac Swinford. August 21, February 3, Edward Weinfeld. January 17, Edward Allen Tamm. June 22, [ a ]. March 11, Lynn Hughes. February 12, Jerry Edwin Smith. John C. Paul V. August 7, Mary Lou Robinson.

Diana E. October 13, November 29, Elizabeth A. December 14, Humphrey H. February 10, William Elwood Steckler. Richard Peters. January 12, April 20, August 22, Skelly Wright.

Life tenure of federal judges: Judges and Justices serve no fixed

April 16, March 30, Charles C. February 6, February 2, January 29, September 15, William O. April 15, November 12, John McNairy. April 29, William G. Walter Henry Sanborn. Edwin R. October 24, March 20, Frank Minis Johnson. October 22, [ a ]. Gunnar Nordbye. March 18, [ a ]. Charles L. Richard Posner. December 1, September 2, James M. October 5, [ a ].

Buckner Thruston. August 30, Matthew Harvey. November 2, [ a ]. Alexander Boarman. Walter C. Alfred Conkling Coxe Sr. June 3, Robert Love Taylor. January 15, Grady Jolly. October 3, James Edmund Boyd. July 11, [ a ]. Rya W. March 23, Clarence Thomas. October 23, October 18, October 2, William Joseph Nealon Jr. December 13, [ a ]. January 1, October 21, Seybourn Harris Lynne.

Constitution of the United States Laws Treaties. Political parties. Political ideologies. Foreign relations. United States portal Politics portal. Appointments [ edit ].

Life tenure of federal judges: Mandatory retirement age ranges

Powers and duties [ edit ]. Allocation of cases [ edit ]. Tenure [ edit ]. Salary [ edit ]. Main article: Federal judge salaries in the United States. Duty station [ edit ]. Discipline [ edit ]. Retirement [ edit ]. Number of judges [ edit ]. Non-Article III judges [ edit ]. See also [ edit ]. References [ edit ]. November 7, Retrieved May 31, See generally 28 U.

Administrative Office of the U. Retrieved September 16, United States Courts. External links [ edit ]. Presidents and the federal judiciary of the United States. Roosevelt Truman Eisenhower Kennedy L. Bush Clinton G. In some cases, life tenure lasts only until a mandatory retirement age. For example, Canadian senators are appointed for life, but are forced to retire at Likewise, many judges, including justices of the Supreme Court of the United Kingdom [ 4 ] [ 5 ] and the Supreme Court of Canada have life tenure but must retire at In some jurisdictions, a judge who reaches mandatory retirement age may continue to serve as a supernumerary judgebut may no longer have the guarantees of tenure.

Life tenure also exists in various religious organizations. The Popeas the Bishop of Rome and leader of the worldwide Catholic Churchhas life tenure, but other Catholic bishops are required to submit their resignations at age Senior professors at academic institutions may also be granted life tenurewhich is intended to protect principles of academic freedom.