Zinoviev biography

The Soviet leadership was split over whether to go on fighting this costly, losing war or to sue for peace on terms extremely unfavorable to the Revolutionary government ment. In this issue, Lenin supported the option for peace at virtually any price—a breathing space, as it were, for the Bolshevik government. Zinoviev supported Lenin strongly in this position and was thus able to reestablish close relations with him.

From this time untilZinoviev, as chairman of the Petrograd Soviet, member of both the Politburo and the Executive of the Communist International Comintern played a highly visible and authoritative role in Soviet politics.

Zinoviev biography: Grigory Yevseyevich Zinoviev was a

Struggle for Power In Lenin was incapacitated by a cerebral hemorrhage. The Politburo, and later a small group within the Politburo, began making the day-to-day high-level decisions of government in Lenin's absence. Gradually, a triumvirate, consisting of Zinoviev, Lev Kamenev, and Stalin, emerged from the Politburo as a whole, with Zinoviev being recognized as the senior member of this zinoviev biography.

As later events were to show, the emergence and maintenance of the triumvirate is to be principally explained by two crucial factors: first, Zinoviev and Kamenev tended to reflect Lenin's attitudes, ideological prejudices, and interests closely, and they were known for this throughout the party; second, all three members were strongly antagonistic to Trotsky and his ambitions to become Lenin's successor.

As long as common enemies threatened the interests of the triumvirate, it tended to function cohesively. Difficulties arose, however, when Trotsky was isolated and removed from his position as commissar of war in Soon, Zinoviev found it increasingly difficult to maintain his position of seniority in the triumvirate. After travelling around Europe he studied law and chemistry.

A party member sincehe left to Geneva for 8 years where he became closely associated with Lenin, Kamenev and Plekhanov. He helped publish Iskra and Vperyod newspapers. October Revolution He and Kamenev were in brief opposition with Lenin over the plan of armed rebellion in Petrograd. That was later greatly used against them by political opponents.

He later adopted several designations, such as Shatski, Grigoriev, Grigori and Zinoviev, by the two last of which he is most frequently called.

Zinoviev biography: 11 September] – 25 August

He was a member of its Bolshevik faction from the time of its creation in Between and the fall of the Russian Empire in Februaryhe was a leading Bolshevik and one of Vladimir Lenin 's closest associates, working both within Russia during the Revolution and abroad as he moved across Europe. He left for Western Europe to support Lenin in matters of propaganda and party organization.

After the Russian monarchy was overthrown during the February Revolutionhe returned to Russia in April in a sealed train with Lenin and other revolutionaries opposed to the war. He remained a part of the Bolshevik leadership throughout most of that year and spent time with Lenin after being forced into hiding in the period following the July Days.

However, Zinoviev and Lenin soon had a falling out over Zinoviev's opposition to Lenin's call for an open rebellion against the Provisional Government.

Zinoviev biography: Grigory Yevseyevich Zinovyev was a

On 10 October Julian calendarhe and Lev Kamenev were the only two Central Committee members to vote against an armed revolt. Their publication of an open letter opposing the use of force enraged Lenin, who demanded their expulsion from the party. Zinoviev, Kamenev, and their allies in the Bolshevik Central Committee argued that the Bolsheviks had no choice but to start negotiations since a railroad zinoviev biography would cripple their government's ability to fight the forces that were still loyal to the overthrown Provisional Government.

Negotiations were started but Zinoviev and Kamenev had the support of a Central Committee majority only briefly as a quick collapse of the anti-Bolshevik forces outside Petrograd allowed Lenin and Trotsky to convince the Central Committee to abandon the negotiating process. The following day, Lenin wrote a proclamation calling Zinoviev and Kamenev "deserters".

He was put in charge of the Petrograd Saint Petersburg beforeLeningrad —91 city and regional government. Sometime inwhile Ukraine was under German occupation, the rabbis of Odessa ceremonially anathematized pronounced herem against Trotsky, Zinoviev, and other Bolshevik leaders of Jewish descent in the synagogue. We must carry along with us 90 million out of the million of Soviet Russia's population.

As for the rest, we have nothing to say to them. They must be annihilated. He also became the Chairman of the Executive Committee of the Comintern when it was created in March It was in this capacity he presided over the Congress of the Peoples of the East in Baku in September [9] and gave his famous four-hour speech in German at the Halle congress of the Independent Social Democratic Party of Germany in October If Zinoviev had his hands on the levers of power within Russia, it was in Comintern activity that his influence was most strongly felt.

Indeed, he was relieved of national administrative posts so that he might devote the maximum attention to the international revolutionary movement. Until November he was the chairman of the Comintern's executive committee and the driving force of its presidium. His ideological pronouncements constituted the major premises for the strategy and tactics of Communists everywhere.

During —20 his role was especially prominent, with the Comintern character and structure molded largely by him. However, the retreat of the international revolutionary wave, beginning indimmed his luster. The collapse of the "March Action" in Germanyfor which he was largely responsible, and the defeat of the revolution in Germany in Octobercontributed to the decline of his international image.