Yermak timofeyevich biography template

After his death Yermak became a folk hero; his achievements were celebrated in oral tales and songs, and later depicted in popular prints lubki. See also: ivan iv; siberia. Armstrong, Terence, ed. Tatiana Minorsky and David Wileman. London: Hakluyt Society. Perrie, Maureen. Kleimola and G. Moscow : ITZ-Garant. Skrynnikov, R. Cite this article Pick a style below, and copy the text for your bibliography.

January 8, Retrieved January 08, from Encyclopedia. Then, copy and paste the text into your bibliography or works cited list. The Stroganovs decided to ignore the tsar's orders and, in the late s, Anika Stroganov's yermak timofeyevich biographies template Nikita and Maksim recruited Cossack fighters to wage war on their behalf. They elected the Cossack chieftain Yermak Timofeyevich as the leader of the Cossack brigades.

This question arose due to the discrepancy between the narratives of the Stroganov Chronicle and a different Siberian chronicle, the Yespiov Chronicle. The Stroganov Chronicle portrays the family as the motivating force behind Yermak's campaign while the Yesipov Chronicle fails even to mention the family. Siberian historians are divided on the matter, some believing that the Stroganovs were behind Yermak's campaign and others believing that they played no part in it.

Yermak was officially enlisted by the Stroganovs in the spring of Yermak led a small army of men, made up of of his own followers and three hundred supplied by the Stroganovs. This was especially to the advantage of the Russian detachment because their Tatar opponents did not have industrial weapons. According to Russian history specialist W.

Bruce Lincoln, the Tatars' "bows, arrows, and spears" went up against Yermak's team's "matchlock muskets, sabers, pikes, and several small cannons. The Cossacks had not a single horse, while Kuchum and his men were mounted. His cavalry could move quickly in any direction, while the Cossacks were tied to their rafts, which were laden with all their supplies.

Yermak first embarked on his journey through Siberia from a frontier fort in Perm on the Chusovaya River on September 1,[ 33 ] though other sources claim that he may have started his campaign in or Throughout their journey, they encountered violent opposition from Kuchum Khan's native allies but the high sides of their boats acted as shields.

They followed the river Tura and found themselves at the outskirts of Kuchum Khan's empire. Soon they reached the kingdom's capital city of Qashliq. On October 23,Yermak's army fought the Battle of Chuvash Capewhich initiated three days of fighting against Kuchum's nephew, Mehmet-kul, and the Tatar army. Yermak's infantry blocked the Tatar charge with mass musket fire, which wounded Mahmet-kul and prevented the Tatars from scoring a single Russian casualty.

Yermak succeeded in capturing Qashliq and the battle came to mark the "conquest of Siberia. Khan Kuchyum, seeing his ruin and the loss of his kingdom and riches, said to all his men with bitter lamentation: 'O murzas and princes, let us flee without delaying…The Stroganovs sent men of the common people against me from their forts to avenge on me the evil I had inflicted; they sent the atamans and Cossacks, Yermak and his comrades, with not many of their men.

He came upon us, defeated us and did us such great harm. While Yermak had succeeded in taking Qashliq, the battle had reduced his Cossack force to men. While the army had found treasures such as fur, silk, and gold in the Tatar city, no food or provisions had been left behind. However, four days after Yermak claimed Qashliq the people returned, and Yermak soon befriended the Ostyak people.

Yermak used the Ostyak tributes to feed his band of Cossacks throughout the winter. Upon their failure to return, Yermak left the city to investigate, eventually finding that Mahmet-kul had recovered from their earlier battle and was responsible for the Cossacks' murder. Yermak then entered into battle with Mahmet-kul and his forces, defeating him once again.

The defeat of Mahmet-kul provided a brief respite to the Cossacks. However, in Aprilhe returned to the region. He also requested that the Khan cease attacks on the Cossacks and those bringing tribute to Yermak. He soon encountered the Ostyak prince Demianwho had fortified himself in a fortress on the banks of the Irtysh with 2, loyal fighters.

It is reported to have taken Yermak and his men considerable time to break through their defenses due to Demian's possession of a gilded idol. Yermak's forces eventually prevailed; however, upon entering the fort, no idol was found. After dispersing a group of priests and warriors by brandishing their firearms, Yermak determined to subdue the most influential Ostyak prince of the region, Samar, who had joined forces with eight other princes.

Yermak, noting that Samar had failed to place guards around his encampment, launched a surprise attack, killing Samar and disbanding his forces. Yermak was then able to secure tribute from the eight other princes. After this conquest, he continued down the river, succeeding in capturing the key Ostyak town of Nazym. Yermak's friend, Ataman Nikita Pan, and several Cossacks lost their lives in the battle.

Yermak then directed his forces down the river Ob, conquering several small forts. After reaching a point at which the river broadened to a point of three or four versts, Yermak halted the expedition and returned his forces to Qashliq.

Yermak timofeyevich biography template: which he took in becoming

Upon returning to Qashliq, Yermak decided to inform the Stroganovs and the tsar of his conquests. While his reasons for this are unclear, experts believe that, in addition to wishing to clear his name of earlier misdeeds, [ 45 ] Yermak also desperately needed supplies. Kozo's arrival at the Stroganovs was well-timed, as Maksim Stroganov had just received a letter from Ivan denouncing Yermak and threatening him and his followers with death.

Kolzo, upon reaching Moscow, was granted an audience with Ivan despite having a Muscovite bounty on his head. Upon reading the news born by Kolzo concerning the extension of his dominion, Ivan became overjoyed, immediately pardoning the Cossacks and proclaiming Yermak to be a hero of the first degree. The Stroganovs were also ordered to support this group with an additional fifty men upon their arrival in Perm.

Upon returning to Qashliq, Kolzo informed Yermak of the tsar's command that Mahmet-kul be delivered to him. Yermak, aware that doing so would eliminate Kuchum's only motive for peace, nonetheless obeyed the tsar and arranged for his transport. Unsurprisingly, Kuchum's forces began to increase the frequency of their raids. However, the horses had slowed the party to a crawl across the Siberia landscape, and they did not even cross the Urals until the spring of In Septembera call for help from a Tatar leader named Karacha was delivered to Yermak begging for assistance against the Nogai Tatars.

Karacha, however, was not to be trusted, as Kolzo and his men walked into an ambush and were all killed. Now without Kolzo, Yermak was left with a little more than men. Stealthily penetrating the line of wagons, Yermak's men were able to surprise the gathered forces in their sleep, killing a large number. The 'Remezov Chronicle', written over a hundred years after his death, offers a detailed account of his physical appearance, but even that is unreliable as the yermak timofeyevich biography template had never seen Yermak.

The lack of information about Yermak's upbringing and voyages is lamentable, especially considering the vast scope of his contributions to Russian society. Historians face challenges in piecing together the specifics of his life and exploits because the primary sources available to them may be biased or inaccurate. The 'Stroganov Chronicle', commissioned by the Stroganov family, exaggerates the family's involvement in the conquest of Siberia.

The 'Sinodik', written by the archbishop of Tobolsk forty years after Yermak's death, was formed based on oral tradition and memories of his expedition. However, it may be affected by the archbishop's desire to canonize Yermak, leading to embellishment or omission of facts. Despite the contradictions and fallibility of the existing sources on Yermak, they are widely accepted as reflecting the truth, along with folklore and legend.

Yermak timofeyevich biography template: YERMAK TIMOFEYEVICH (d. ),

Yermak's story, while shrouded in mystery, has become an integral part of Russian history and culture. In conclusion, Yermak Timofeyevich's life and contributions to Russian society are an enigma, with much of his story being derived from folklore and legend. Despite the challenges historians face in piecing together the specifics of his life, his story remains an integral part of Russian history and culture.

Like a puzzle missing many pieces, Yermak's life remains a mystery, but his legacy and impact on Russian society are undeniable. Yermak Timofeyevich, the Don Cossack warrior, was a man of mystery and intrigue, whose early life was shrouded in obscurity. He was born in the eastern fringes of the Muscovite lands, by the Chusovaya River. Yermak's grandfather, Afonasiy Grigor'yevich Alenin, came from Suzdal, north-east of Moscow, and he migrated south to escape poverty.

Yermak's father, Timofey, relocated to the Stroganov lands on the Chusovaya to make a living. The only account of Yermak's upbringing comes from the 'Cherepanov Chronicle', compiled by a Tobolsk coachman inwhich probably represents a copy of an authentic 17th-century document. Yermak worked as a porter and a sailor transporting salt along the Kama and the Volga rivers in the Stroganovs' river fleet.

However, he grew weary of his work and assembled a gang, becoming a river pirate in the Don region. Among his fellow Cossack bandits, he acquired the nickname Yermak. Prior to his conquest of Siberia, Yermak's combat experience was limited to leading a Cossack detachment for the tsar in the Livonian War of —83 and plundering merchant ships. He was also involved in robbing and plundering on the Volga with the hetman Ivan Kolzo and four other Cossack leaders.

Yermak timofeyevich biography template: Yermak Timofeyevich(d. ), Cossack chieftain,

Despite his checkered past, Yermak earned a reputation as an eminent and loyal Russian fighter. He learned war tactics and excelled beyond the other hetmans in skill through his experience fighting in the Livonian War. He may have been a bandit, but he was a loyal Russian warrior who rose to prominence through his skill and determination.

In conclusion, Yermak Timofeyevich's early life was marked by poverty and struggle, which he escaped through piracy and banditry. However, his combat experience in the Livonian War and his determination to fight for Russia distinguished him from other Cossacks. His reputation as a skilled warrior and his conquest of Siberia would cement his legacy in Russian history.

Yermak may have been a pirate and a bandit, but he was also a hero who fought for his country and his people. When we think of the Russian Empire, we picture the grandeur of St. Petersburg and the conquests of Moscow. At the time, the Russians had entered northwest Siberia but found it to be too difficult to approach from that direction.

They decided that taking a southern route through the Tatar khanate of Kazan would be a better option, but Kazan would need to be overthrown first. His modernized army proved successful, and Ivan proceeded to open up the east to enterprising Russian individuals, such as the Stroganovs. The Stroganov family was granted the province of Perm as a financial investment by the tsar, and they were given permission to expand into the territory along the Tobol and Irtysh Rivers, which belonged to the Muslim leader Kuchum Khan.

The Stroganovs launched expeditions eastward into non-Russian territories, pushing into the khanate of Sibir, the sister state of the former khanate of Kazan, because it maintained control over Siberia's fur in the west. During the time of the Russian conquest of Kazan in the s and s, Sibir had been undergoing conflicts of its own with rival clans.

The khanate was on the precarious ground until the rise of Kuchum Khan, a descendant of the famed Chingis Khan, in the s. In JulyKuchum launched his first raid on Stroganov settlements, which resulted in almost one hundred deaths. Inthe Tatar army expanded and changed leadership. Kuchum's nephew, Mahmet-kul, assumed control of the Tatar army.

Yermak timofeyevich biography template: Yermak Timofeyevich was a Cossack

The Stroganovs realized that they could no longer expect their settlers to remain in the lands around Perm if they only fought a defensive battle. The tsar granted the Stroganov family permission to invade Asia, but he soon changed his mind and told the Stroganovs to retract from Siberia, fearing that Russia did not have the resources or manpower to topple Kuchum Khan's empire.

The Stroganovs decided to ignore the tsar's orders and, in the late s, Anika Stroganov's grandsons Nikita and Maksim recruited Cossack fighters to wage war on their behalf. They elected the Cossack chieftain Yermak Timofeyevich as the leader of the Cossack brigades. Since Yermak had been the most illustrious of the recruits, he became the captain ataman of the Cossacks.

When Yermak and his men reached the Irtysh River, they were vastly outnumbered by K. When one thinks of the exploration and conquest of new lands, images of Christopher Columbus or Marco Polo may come to mind. However, few may know about the incredible feats of Yermak Timofeyevich and his conquest of Siberia. Science Encyclopedias almanacs transcripts and maps Timofeyevich Yermak.

Timofeyevich Yermak gale. Learn more about citation styles Citation styles Encyclopedia. More From encyclopedia. About this article Timofeyevich Yermak Updated About encyclopedia. Timoclea c. Timochenko, Alexandra —. Timney Fowler Ltd. Timnath-Heres or Timnath-Serah. Timms, Sally —.